The hypothalamus in vertebrates integrates the endocrine and nervous systems. Because the neurons can regulate the release of hormones, the nervous and endocrine systems work in a coordinated manner to regulate the body's physiology. The nervous system releases neurotransmitters or neurohormones that regulate neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells. The endocrine system releases hormones that act on target cells to regulate development, growth, energy metabolism, reproduction, and many behaviors.
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